At a Glance

TypeTree
HabitUpright
FoliageEvergreen
Height100-200 feet (30-60 m)
Width30-50 feet (9-15 m)
Maturity60 years

Growing Zones

USDA Hardiness Zones

5 - 8
These zones indicate the coldest temperatures this plant can typically survive.
Frost Tolerancehardy

Key Features

Deer ResistantDrought Tolerant
Native to North America
Maintenancevery low

Overview

Pinus lambertiana is an evergreen conifer reaching 100-200 feet (30-60 m) tall in the wild with a spread of 30-50 feet (9-15 m) and a narrowly conical crown becoming flat-topped and irregularly spreading with great age. The tallest pine species in the world—wild specimens exceed 200 feet (60 m). A five-needle pine (subgenus Strobus), the needles are 3-4 inches (8-10 cm) long, blue-green with white stomatal lines, slightly twisted, in fascicles of 5. The cones are the longest of any pine—pendant, cylindrical, 10-20 inches (25-50 cm) long, with thin, rounded scales that open widely at maturity. The bark is cinnamon-brown, developing deep furrows and broad ridges on old trees. The sap is sweet (lambertiana refers to Aylmer Bourke Lambert; common name from the sugary resin). Growth rate is slow to moderate. Hardy to zone 5. Highly susceptible to white pine blister rust—populations severely reduced. Too large for most gardens.

Native Range

Pinus lambertiana is native to the mountains of western North America—from southern Oregon through the Cascades, Klamath Mountains, Sierra Nevada, and Coast Ranges to northern Baja California—at 3,000-10,000 feet (900-3,000 m) in mixed conifer forests.

Suggested Uses

Planted as a specimen in large rural or park settings at 30-50 foot (9-15 m) spacing. The tallest pine species and the longest cones of any pine. Sweet resin. Cinnamon bark. Highly susceptible to blister rust. Far too large for residential gardens. Not suitable for small sites, urban conditions, or areas near Ribes.

How to Identify

Distinguished from all other pines by the longest cones of any pine species (10-20 inches). Distinguished from P. armandii by the much taller stature, the longer cones, and the less drooping needles. Distinguished from P. koraiensis by the much larger size and the extremely long pendant cones. The five-needle pine with extremely long pendant cones (10-20 inches) hanging from branch tips and cinnamon-brown furrowed bark is diagnostic.

Appearance

Size & Dimensions

Height100' - 200'
Width/Spread30' - 50'

Reaches mature size in approximately 60 years

Colors

Foliage Colors

Fall Foliage Colors

Bloom Information

Bloom Period

~2 weeks
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
Male strobili shed pollen in May-June. Female cones mature in 2 years to 10-20 inches (25-50 cm)—the longest cones of any pine—pendant, cylindrical, opening widely.

Detailed Descriptions

Flower Description

Male strobili May-Jun; female cones pendant cylindrical 10-20 inches—longest of any pine; thin rounded scales; 2-year maturation

Foliage Description

Blue-green with white stomatal lines; slightly twisted needles 3-4 inches in fascicles of 5

Growing Conditions

Sun Requirements

Requires 6-12 hours of direct sunlight daily
• Full Sun: 6+ hours of direct sunlight
• Partial Shade: 3-6 hours of direct sunlight
• Full Shade: Less than 3 hours of direct sunlight

Soil Requirements

pH Range5.0 - 7.0(Neutral)
357912
Soil Types
Drainagewell drained

Water & Climate

Water Needs

Low

Frost Tolerance

hardy

Time to Maturity

20-30 years

Drought Tolerance

Drought tolerant when established

Care & Maintenance

Care Guide

Plant in full sun in well-drained, acidic to neutral soil (pH 5.0-7.0). Hardy to zone 5. Highly susceptible to white pine blister rust—avoid planting near Ribes. Too large for most residential gardens. Requires mountain or rural settings with space.

Pruning

No pruning needed. The massive natural form develops over decades. Maintain central leader when young.

Maintenance Level

very low

⚠️ Toxicity Warning

Non-toxic
Pinus lambertiana (Sugar Pine) - Identification & Care Guide | PlantRef