Scabiosa spp.
pincushion flowers
Europe, Asia, and Africa (Mediterranean center)
Overview
Scabiosa spp. is a genus of roughly 30 to 60 species of annual and perennial herbs in the family Caprifoliaceae, native to Europe, Asia, and Africa, with the center of diversity in the Mediterranean region. Plants form low basal rosettes of lobed or divided leaves and send up wiry, branching stems 12-36 inches (30-90 cm) tall. The flower heads sit singly on long stalks and are made of many small florets packed into a domed head 1-3 inches (2.5-7.5 cm) across; the projecting stamens give the pincushion look behind the common name. Flower color spans lavender-blue, violet, pink, crimson, and white across the genus. Many species bloom over a long season from early summer into autumn, especially when spent heads are removed. The nectar-rich heads draw bees, butterflies, and other pollinators. Most perennial species are hardy in USDA zones 4 to 9, while S. atropurpurea is grown as an annual. Plants grow in open, sunny sites and decline in heavy, wet, or shaded ground. Short-lived perennial species may need dividing or replacing every few years.
Native Range
Scabiosa spp. is native to Europe, western and central Asia, and Africa, with many species centered on the Mediterranean and the mountains of southern Europe. Species grow in grassland, dry meadows, and rocky slopes. Several have naturalized in North America and elsewhere.Suggested Uses
Scabiosa spp. is planted in borders, cottage gardens, and pollinator plantings, and in containers. The long-stemmed heads are widely used as cut and dried flowers. Compact selections suit edging and gravel gardens.How to Identify
Appearance
Size & Dimensions
Height1' - 3'
Width/Spread1' - 2'
Bloom Information
Detailed Descriptions
Flower Description
lavender-blue, violet, pink, crimson, or whiteFoliage Description
green to gray-greenGrowing Conditions
Sun Requirements
Requires 6-10 hours of direct sunlight daily
• Full Sun: 6+ hours of direct sunlight
• Partial Shade: 3-6 hours of direct sunlight
• Full Shade: Less than 3 hours of direct sunlight
Care & Maintenance
Care Guide
Scabiosa spp. species grow in full sun on light, well-drained, neutral to alkaline soil with a pH near 6.5 to 7.5. They tolerate drought once established and decline in heavy, wet, or acidic ground, where crown rot develops. Perennial species are hardy in USDA zones 4 to 9, while S. atropurpurea is grown as an annual in colder areas. Even moisture and good air movement support steady bloom. Perennial clumps are short-lived and benefit from division every two to three years. Powdery mildew can appear in humid, crowded plantings.Pruning
Deadhead spent flower heads regularly to extend bloom and limit self-seeding. Cut perennial clumps back after the main flush to encourage fresh growth. Old foliage is removed in late winter before new growth begins.Pruning Schedule
summerwinter
Container Growing
✓ Suitable for container growing
Minimum container size: 2 gallons