Cercis spp.
redbuds
North America, eastern Asia, and southern Europe
Overview
Cercis spp. is a genus of about 10 small trees and large shrubs in the legume family (Fabaceae), known as redbuds, native to North America, eastern Asia, and southern Europe. Plants grow 15–30 feet (4.5–9 m) tall with a spreading, often rounded crown 15–35 feet (4.5–10.5 m) wide, on a short trunk or several main stems. In early spring, clusters of small pink, magenta, or white pea flowers open directly on the bare branches and trunk, a habit called cauliflory, before the leaves appear. The leaves that follow are heart-shaped, 2–5 inches (5–13 cm) across, green through summer and yellowing in autumn, and are followed by flat, papery seed pods. C. canadensis of eastern North America and C. siliquastrum, the Judas tree of the Mediterranean, are the species commonly grown, along with C. chinensis from China. Plants tolerate a range of soils and short drought once established but are short-lived, often declining within 20–30 years, and are prone to canker and verticillium wilt. The flowers draw early bees and the seeds feed birds.
Native Range
The genus is native to North America, eastern Asia, and southern Europe, with separate species centered in each region. Cercis spp. grows at woodland edges, on slopes, and in open scrub, often on limestone or well-drained clay. C. canadensis ranges across the eastern and central United States, while C. siliquastrum occurs around the Mediterranean.Suggested Uses
Cercis spp. is grown as a specimen and understory tree in lawns, woodland gardens, and mixed borders, spaced 15–20 feet (4.5–6 m) from buildings and other trees. The early flowers and heart-shaped leaves carry interest from spring into autumn. The flowers support early bees and the seeds feed birds.How to Identify
Appearance
Size & Dimensions
Height15' - 30'
Width/Spread15' - 35'
Bloom Information
Flowering occurs in early to mid-spring, roughly March through May, with the pea flowers opening along bare branches before the foliage. The display lasts about two to three weeks depending on temperature. Cool weather extends the bloom, while a sudden warm spell shortens it.
Detailed Descriptions
Flower Description
pink, magenta, to whiteFoliage Description
green, turning yellow in autumnGrowing Conditions
Sun Requirements
Requires 4-8 hours of direct sunlight daily
• Full Sun: 6+ hours of direct sunlight
• Partial Shade: 3-6 hours of direct sunlight
• Full Shade: Less than 3 hours of direct sunlight