Picea omorika, Serbian Spruce
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Coniferous Trees

Picea omorika

Serbian Spruce

Pinaceae

Drina River valley, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Serbia; elevations 2,600–5,200 feet (800–1,600 m)

At a Glance

TypeTree
HabitUpright
FoliageEvergreen
Height50–60 feet (15–18 m)
Width10–20 feet (3–6 m)
Maturity25 years

Growing Zones

USDA Hardiness Zones

4 - 8
Zone 4
Zone 5
Zone 6
Zone 7
Zone 8
These zones indicate the coldest temperatures this plant can typically survive.
Frost Tolerancehardy

Key Features

Deer Resistant
Drought Tolerant
Maintenancevery low

Overview

Picea omorika is a narrowly conical to spire-shaped evergreen conifer native to the Drina River valley in the Balkans. Trees reach 50–60 feet (15–18 m) tall and 10–20 feet (3–6 m) wide at maturity, with a growth rate of 12–18 inches (30–45 cm) per year under good conditions. The narrow conical silhouette is formed by short, ascending to slightly pendulous branches that turn upward at their tips. Needles are 0.5–0.75 inch (12–19 mm) long, flattened, dark green on the upper surface with two broad white stomatal bands on the underside, giving the foliage a two-toned appearance. Bark is thin, orange-brown, scaly on older trunks. Cones are 1.5–2.5 inches (4–6 cm) long, oval, ripening from blue-black to brown. The species tolerates urban conditions, air pollution, and a range of soil types better than many other spruces, though it shares susceptibility to spider mites and Cytospora canker under stress.

Native Range

Picea omorika is native to a restricted area along the Drina River on the border of Bosnia-Herzegovina and Serbia, growing in mixed forests on limestone soils at elevations of 2,600–5,200 feet (800–1,600 m). It is considered a glacial relict species with a naturally small range of a few hundred acres.

Suggested Uses

Commonly planted as a specimen or screen tree in residential and urban landscapes, spaced 12–15 feet (3.7–4.6 m) from adjacent large plants to accommodate the narrow crown at maturity. The narrow footprint of 10–20 feet (3–6 m) allows use in sites too confined for broader conifers. Tolerates urban air pollution, road salt spray, and compacted soils better than most Picea species, making it suitable for streetside and parking lot plantings with adequate root space.

How to Identify

Picea omorika is identified by its narrow spire-like silhouette, short branches that turn upward at their tips, and flattened needles that are dark green above and white-banded beneath. Needles are 0.5–0.75 inch (12–19 mm) long with two white stomatal bands on the lower surface visible with the naked eye. Distinguished from P. abies by the two-toned needles and narrower crown; distinguished from P. pungens by the non-prickly, flattened needles and lack of bluish foliage.

Appearance

Size & Dimensions

Height50' - 60'
Width/Spread10' - 20'

Reaches mature size in approximately 25 years

Colors

Flower Colors

red
purple

Foliage Colors

dark green
white

Fall Foliage Colors

no change

Bloom Information

Bloom Period

~3 weeks
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
Spring
Male strobili are reddish-purple, releasing pollen in April–May. Female cones are oval to oblong, 1.5–2.5 inches (4–6 cm) long, first appearing blue-black with a waxy bloom, ripening to cinnamon-brown in the first season. Cones persist on the tree for 1–2 years before falling.

Detailed Descriptions

Flower Description

reddish-purple (male strobili)

Foliage Description

dark green above, white-banded beneath

Growing Conditions

Sun Requirements

Full Sun
Partial Shade
Requires 4-8 hours of direct sunlight daily
• Full Sun: 6+ hours of direct sunlight
• Partial Shade: 3-6 hours of direct sunlight
• Full Shade: Less than 3 hours of direct sunlight

Soil Requirements

pH Range4.5 - 7.0(Acidic)
357912
Soil Types
loamclaysandchalk
Drainage
well drained

Water & Climate

Water Needs

Low

Frost Tolerance

hardy

Time to Maturity

20–30 years

Drought Tolerance

Drought tolerant when established

Care & Maintenance

Care Guide

Water weekly during the first two growing seasons; established trees tolerate 3–4 weeks of drought and show more drought tolerance than most other spruce species, though prolonged drought still causes needle drop and reduces vigor. Adapts to clay, loam, and sandy soils and tolerates pH ranging from 4.5 to 7.0, including alkaline soils unsuitable for most other spruces. Spider mites cause interior needle browning in hot, dry summers, though P. omorika shows somewhat better tolerance to spider mites than P. abies or P. pungens. Cytospora canker may infect stressed plants. The narrow crown means snow and ice loads rarely cause branch breakage. Fertilization in adequate soils is unnecessary.

Pruning

No pruning is required to maintain the natural spire form. Dead branches can be removed at any time. The narrow crown shape develops without training; multiple central leaders are uncommon. Lower branches remain on the tree to near-ground level and form part of the characteristic silhouette; removal of lower branches changes the natural form.

Maintenance Level

very low

⚠️ Toxicity Warning

Non-toxic