Baptisia australis
blue wild indigo
Central and eastern North America (Pennsylvania to Georgia, west to Indiana)
Attracts PollinatorsAttracts ButterfliesAttracts HummingbirdsDeer ResistantDrought Tolerant
Native to North America
Overview
Baptisia australis is an upright, bushy, clump-forming herbaceous perennial reaching 36–48 inches (90–120 cm) tall with a spread of 36–48 inches (90–120 cm). Stems are stout, erect, and blue-green, branching to form a dense, shrub-like mound. Leaves are trifoliate with individual leaflets 1.5–3 inches (4–8 cm) long, blue-green, developing a blue-gray cast by mid-summer. Upright racemes 10–16 inches (25–40 cm) long bear indigo-blue, pea-shaped flowers 1–1.2 inches (2.5–3 cm) long in May–June. Flowers are followed by inflated, dark brown to black seed pods 2–3 inches (5–8 cm) long that persist through winter and rattle when dry. The plant develops a deep, woody taproot and crown that expands slowly, adding 2–4 inches (5–10 cm) of spread per year. Growth is slow during the first 2–3 establishment years. Mature clumps are long-lived, persisting for decades without division. In rich, moist soils or partial shade, stems may flop outward by mid-summer, opening the center. Foliage blackens after the first hard frost.
Native Range
Baptisia australis is native to central and eastern North America, from Pennsylvania and Vermont south to Georgia, and west to Indiana and Tennessee. It occurs in open prairies, meadows, stream banks, and open woodlands on a range of soil types from clay to sandy loam.Suggested Uses
Planted in prairie gardens, native plant borders, and mixed perennial plantings at 36–48 inch (90–120 cm) spacing. The shrub-like mound functions as a structural anchor plant in borders. Combines with B. alba var. macrophylla spp. and B. spp. 'Carolina Moonlight' for a three-color Baptisia spp. display. Suitable for meadow plantings and naturalized areas. Not suitable for containers due to the deep taproot.How to Identify
Appearance
Size & Dimensions
Height3' - 4'
Width/Spread3' - 4'
Reaches mature size in approximately 5 years
Bloom Information
Indigo-blue pea-shaped flowers appear on upright racemes 10–16 inches (25–40 cm) long in May–June. Individual flowers are 1–1.2 inches (2.5–3 cm) long. Bloom duration is 3–4 weeks. Inflated seed pods develop within 3–4 weeks, turning from green to dark brown to black. Pods persist through fall and winter.
Detailed Descriptions
Foliage Description
Blue-green to blue-gray, trifoliateGrowing Conditions
Sun Requirements
Requires 6-10 hours of direct sunlight daily
• Full Sun: 6+ hours of direct sunlight
• Partial Shade: 3-6 hours of direct sunlight
• Full Shade: Less than 3 hours of direct sunlight
Care & Maintenance
Care Guide
Plant in well-drained to average soil in full sun. Tolerates poor, dry, and clay soils once the deep taproot is established. Lean, well-drained soils produce the sturdiest stems; rich, moist soils or partial shade causes stems to flop by mid-summer. The deep taproot makes transplanting of established plants difficult; site plants in their permanent location. Growth is slow during the first 2–3 years. No serious pest or disease problems. Nitrogen fixation through root nodules reduces fertilization needs. Japanese beetles occasionally feed on foliage and flowers but rarely cause significant damage.Pruning
Allow spent flower racemes to develop into the dark seed pods for fall and winter interest. If stem flopping is a concern, cut back by one-third in late May before bloom to reduce height (this sacrifices some flower display). Cut all stems to 2–4 inches (5–10 cm) above ground in late fall or early spring. Do not divide the deep taproot.Pruning Schedule
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fallearly spring