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Aureolaria spp.
yellow false foxgloves
Overview
Aureolaria spp. is a genus of about ten species of hemiparasitic herbs in the broomrape family Orobanchaceae, native to eastern and central North America. The genus includes both perennials and annuals that draw part of their water and nutrients from the roots of oak (Quercus spp.) trees, to which they attach by specialized root structures called haustoria. Plants form erect, sometimes branching stems 1-6 ft (30-180 cm) tall, with opposite leaves that range from coarsely toothed to deeply pinnately divided depending on species. Tubular, bell-shaped yellow flowers 1-2 in (2.5-5 cm) long open in the upper leaf axils through mid- to late summer, flaring into five rounded lobes. The genus grows in dry to moist oak woodlands, savannas, and forest edges, where its survival is tied to nearby host trees. Because of this root parasitism, the plants are difficult to transplant or cultivate away from established oaks. The yellow flowers are pollinated mainly by bumblebees, and some species host the larvae of the common buckeye butterfly. Most species are perennial, regrowing each spring, while a few are annuals that set seed and die.
Native Range
Aureolaria spp. is native to eastern and central North America, from southern Canada through the eastern United States. Plants occur in oak woodlands, savannas, and forest margins, always in association with their oak host trees.Suggested Uses
Aureolaria spp. species are grown in native-plant, woodland, and oak-savanna restorations where host oaks are present. The summer yellow flowers support bumblebees and other native pollinators. The genus is rarely used in conventional borders because of its dependence on oak roots.How to Identify
Appearance
Size & Dimensions
Height1' - 6'
Width/Spread1' - 3'
Bloom Information
Flowering occurs in mid- to late summer, roughly July to September. Plants bloom over four to six weeks, with flowers opening in succession up the stem. The yellow tubular blooms appear as many woodland wildflowers fade.
Detailed Descriptions
Foliage Description
greenGrowing Conditions
Sun Requirements
Requires 3-6 hours of direct sunlight daily
• Full Sun: 6+ hours of direct sunlight
• Partial Shade: 3-6 hours of direct sunlight
• Full Shade: Less than 3 hours of direct sunlight