Phytolacca spp.
pokeweeds
Overview
Phytolacca spp. is a genus of about 30 species in the family Phytolaccaceae, ranging from large herbaceous perennials to shrubs and trees, native to the Americas and East Asia. Common pokeweed P. americana is a stout herbaceous perennial reaching 10 feet (3 m), with reddish stems, long racemes of small white-green flowers, and drooping clusters of glossy dark-purple berries on pink to red stalks. The South American ombu P. dioica grows into a broad evergreen tree with a massive swollen base. All parts, especially the roots, mature berries, and seeds, contain phytolaccatoxin and saponins that are poisonous to people and animals, though cooked young shoots are eaten in some regions. The strong toxicity and heavy self-seeding are the main constraints.
Native Range
Native to the Americas and East Asia, with P. americana widespread across eastern and central North America and P. dioica native to the South American pampas. Plants grow on disturbed ground, field edges, fence lines, and open woodland.Suggested Uses
Grown in wild, native, and wildlife gardens for its bold form and bird-feeding berries, while the ombu is planted as a wide shade tree in frost-free climates. The toxicity limits its use where children or grazing animals are present.How to Identify
Appearance
Size & Dimensions
Height2' - 40'
Width/Spread2' - 15'
Bloom Information
Detailed Descriptions
Flower Description
white to greenish, sometimes pink-tingedFoliage Description
greenGrowing Conditions
Sun Requirements
Requires 4-8 hours of direct sunlight daily
• Full Sun: 6+ hours of direct sunlight
• Partial Shade: 3-6 hours of direct sunlight
• Full Shade: Less than 3 hours of direct sunlight
Water & Climate
Water Needs
Time to Maturity
1-2 years to flowering in herbaceous species