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Helosciadium spp.
marshwort
Europe, the Mediterranean, and North Africa
Overview
Helosciadium is a genus of about five species of low, aquatic and marsh-dwelling herbs in the carrot family, Apiaceae, native to Europe, the Mediterranean, and North Africa. Most are creeping perennials that root at the nodes and form spreading mats in shallow water, wet mud, ditches, and stream margins; a few behave as annuals. The hollow stems carry pinnate leaves with toothed, often glossy leaflets, and the emergent shoots stand 4-24 inches (10-60 cm) high. Small white flowers are grouped in flat or domed umbels through summer, followed by tiny ribbed fruits. The common H. nodiflorum, fool's water-cress, grows in flowing water across much of Europe. It is easily mistaken for highly poisonous relatives such as hemlock water-dropwort (Oenanthe crocata), which share the same wet habitats. Plants need permanently moist or wet ground and decline if the soil dries out.
Native Range
Native to Europe, the Mediterranean region, western Asia, and North Africa, with one or two species reaching the Atlantic islands. Plants grow in shallow fresh water, marshes, wet ditches, springs, and slow streams.Suggested Uses
Used at pond and stream edges and in bog gardens, set 12-24 inches (30-60 cm) apart where it can spread into moist ground. The summer umbels draw hoverflies and other small pollinators. Dense stems also give cover for aquatic life at the water margin.How to Identify
Appearance
Size & Dimensions
Height4" - 2'
Width/Spread1' - 3'
Bloom Information
Flowering occurs in summer, generally July to September. The small white umbels are held just above the foliage and ripen into pairs of tiny ribbed seeds. Bloom continues over many weeks where water remains.
Detailed Descriptions
Foliage Description
greenGrowing Conditions
Sun Requirements
Requires 4-10 hours of direct sunlight daily
• Full Sun: 6+ hours of direct sunlight
• Partial Shade: 3-6 hours of direct sunlight
• Full Shade: Less than 3 hours of direct sunlight
Care & Maintenance
Care Guide
These are plants of permanently wet ground, growing in full sun to part shade at pond and stream margins or in shallow water a few inches deep. They need rich, wet mud or saturated soil and fail where the ground dries out. Most spread quickly by rooting stems and can crowd small water features. Hardy species such as H. nodiflorum tolerate winter cold once established. Growth is checked by lifting and dividing crowded mats. The plants tolerate slow-moving and still water alike.Pruning
Routine care is limited to thinning and lifting excess growth to keep mats within bounds. Stems can be cut back hard in spring, as the plants regrow quickly from rooted nodes. Spent top growth dies back over winter in colder areas.Container Growing
Suitable for container growing
Minimum container size: 2 gallons