Grasses

Cymbopogon citratus

Lemongrass

PoaceaeAsia

At a Glance

Typeherb
Habitclumping
Foliageevergreen
Height3-5 feet
Width2-3 feet

Growing Zones

USDA Hardiness Zones

9a - 11b
Zone 9a
Zone 9b
Zone 10a
Zone 10b
Zone 11a
Zone 11b
These zones indicate the coldest temperatures this plant can typically survive.
Frost Tolerancetender

Overview

Cymbopogon citratus is a clumping, aromatic perennial grass that forms dense tufts of linear, sword-like leaves. The plant typically grows in tight clumps with multiple tillers emerging from the base, creating a fountain-like appearance. The leaves are narrow, flat, and can reach 3-5 feet in length, with sharp edges and a distinctive blue-green to gray-green coloration. The foliage emits a strong, pleasant citrus fragrance when crushed or brushed against. The pseudostems at the base of the plant are thick, bulbous, and pale green to white in color - these are the parts most commonly harvested for culinary use. While Cymbopogon citratus can produce tall, feathery flower spikes under optimal conditions, it rarely flowers in cultivation outside of tropical climates. The plant is distinguished from other ornamental grasses by its intense lemony scent and the characteristic swollen base of its stems.

Native Range

Cymbopogon citratus is native to tropical regions of Southeast Asia, particularly Malaysia, Thailand, and southern India. It has been cultivated for centuries throughout tropical and subtropical Asia, and has naturalized in many warm regions worldwide including parts of Africa, South America, and the Caribbean.

Suggested Uses

Cymbopogon citratus works well as a culinary herb, ornamental accent plant, or fragrant border specimen. Excellent for herb gardens, containers, and tropical landscape designs where its architectural form and citrus fragrance can be appreciated. Popular for use in Asian cuisine, herbal teas, and aromatherapy applications. The plant also serves as a natural pest deterrent and can be planted near outdoor seating areas for its mosquito-repelling properties.

How to Identify

Cymbopogon citratus can be identified by its distinctive clumping growth habit and intensely fragrant, linear leaves that emit a strong lemon scent when touched. Key identifying features include the thick, bulbous pseudostems at the base that are white to pale green in color, the narrow blue-green leaves with sharp edges that arch gracefully outward, and the characteristic citrus aroma that distinguishes it from other ornamental grasses. The plant forms dense tufts without spreading runners, and the leaf sheaths are tightly wrapped around the swollen stem bases.

Appearance

Bloom Information

Rarely flowers in cultivation; may bloom in late summer in ideal tropical conditions

Detailed Descriptions

Flower Description

Cream to pale brown (rarely flowers in cultivation)

Foliage Description

Blue-green to gray-green with sharp edges

Growing Conditions

Sun Requirements

full sun

Soil pH

6.0-7.5

Water & Climate

Water Needs

moderate to high

Frost Tolerance

tender

Time to Maturity

3-4 months

Care & Maintenance

Care Guide

Cymbopogon citratus requires warm temperatures and consistent moisture for optimal growth. Plant in well-draining, fertile soil enriched with organic matter, and provide regular watering to keep the soil evenly moist but not waterlogged. Feed monthly during the growing season with a balanced, diluted liquid fertilizer to promote vigorous growth. In cooler climates, grow in containers that can be moved indoors when temperatures drop below 50°F. The plant benefits from high humidity and protection from strong winds that can damage the long leaves.

Pruning

Prune Cymbopogon citratus regularly by harvesting outer stems at ground level, which encourages new growth from the center. Remove any dead, damaged, or yellowing leaves by cutting them back to the base. Divide clumps every 2-3 years in spring to maintain vigor and prevent overcrowding. When harvesting for culinary use, cut stems close to the base where they are most tender and flavorful. Trim back the entire plant by one-third in late winter in warmer zones to promote fresh spring growth.

⚠️ Toxicity Warning

Cymbopogon citratus is generally considered safe for human consumption and is widely used as a culinary herb and tea. Non-toxic to most pets in small quantities, though large amounts may cause stomach upset. The sharp leaf edges can cause minor cuts, so handle with care when harvesting or pruning.

Planting Guide

Planting Methods & Timing

Planting Method

transplant

Indoor Start

6 weeks before last frost

Direct Sow Timing

Not recommended - typically grown from divisions or transplants

Days to Maturity

90–120 days

Plant Spacing

24 inches

Companion Planting

Good Companions

basil
cilantro
mint
ginger
turmeric
peppers

Avoid Planting With

plants requiring dry conditions
cold-sensitive vegetables
Cymbopogon citratus (Lemongrass) - Identification & Care Guide | PlantRef