What are the sun requirements for Capsicum chinense 'Carolina Reaper'?

Capsicum chinense 'Carolina Reaper' requires full sun.

How much water does Capsicum chinense 'Carolina Reaper' need?

Capsicum chinense 'Carolina Reaper' has moderate water needs.

Annuals

Capsicum chinense 'Carolina Reaper'

Carolina Reaper

UnknownSouth America

At a Glance

Typeannual

Habitupright

Foliagedeciduous

Height3-4 feet

Width2-3 feet

Maturity0.33 years

Key Features

Attracts Pollinators

Deer Resistant

Container Friendly

Maintenancemoderate

Overview

Capsicum chinense 'Carolina Reaper' is a superhot chili pepper cultivar renowned for being one of the world's hottest peppers, measuring over 2.2 million Scoville Heat Units. This compact annual plant typically grows 3-4 feet tall with a bushy, upright habit and dark green, wrinkled leaves that are oval-shaped with pointed tips. The distinctive fruits are small, typically 1-2 inches long, with a characteristic wrinkled, bumpy surface and a distinctive scorpion-like tail at the bottom. The peppers mature from green to bright red, orange-red, or sometimes chocolate brown, depending on growing conditions. Small white flowers appear in clusters throughout the growing season, eventually developing into the famously fiery pods. Capsicum chinense 'Carolina Reaper' was developed by Ed Currie of PuckerButt Pepper Company in South Carolina and held the Guinness World Record for hottest pepper from 2013 to 2023. The plant's intense heat comes from extremely high concentrations of capsaicin, particularly in the placental tissue and seeds.

Native Range

Capsicum chinense species originated in the Amazon basin of South America, particularly in regions of Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil. While the wild ancestors are native to tropical South America, the 'Carolina Reaper' cultivar was specifically developed in Rock Hill, South Carolina through selective breeding programs.

Suggested Uses

Capsicum chinense 'Carolina Reaper' is primarily grown for extreme heat enthusiasts, hot sauce production, and novelty purposes. Use in containers for easier management and to move plants indoors before frost. Popular for competitive eating challenges, specialty food products, and as a conversation piece in pepper gardens. Always handle with extreme caution using gloves and eye protection.

How to Identify

Capsicum chinense 'Carolina Reaper' can be identified by its distinctively wrinkled, bumpy fruit surface with the characteristic pointed 'tail' or 'stinger' at the blossom end that resembles a scorpion's tail. The peppers are typically small, measuring 1-2 inches long, and ripen to bright red or orange-red colors. The plant itself has dark green, slightly wrinkled leaves and produces small white flowers with purple anthers. The extreme heat level and unique fruit morphology distinguish it from other hot pepper varieties.

Appearance

Size & Dimensions

Height3' - 4'

Width/Spread2' - 3'

Reaches mature size in approximately 0.33 years

Colors

Flower Colors

white

purple

Foliage Colors

green

Bloom Information

Bloom Period

SummerFall

summer through early fall

Detailed Descriptions

Flower Description

white with purple anthers

Foliage Description

dark green

Growing Conditions

Sun Requirements

Full Sun

• Full Sun: 6+ hours of direct sunlight

• Partial Shade: 3-6 hours of direct sunlight

• Full Shade: Less than 3 hours of direct sunlight

Soil Requirements

pH Range6.0 - 7.0(Neutral)

357912

Soil Types

loam

Drainage

well drained

Water & Climate

Water Needs

moderate

Frost Tolerance

tender

Time to Maturity

4-5 months

Care & Maintenance

Care Guide

Capsicum chinense 'Carolina Reaper' requires warm temperatures above 60°F and full sun exposure for optimal growth. Plant in well-draining soil with consistent moisture but avoid overwatering, which can reduce fruit production and heat levels. Feed with a balanced fertilizer every 2-3 weeks during the growing season, reducing nitrogen as flowering begins to encourage fruit development. Provide support with stakes or cages as plants can become top-heavy when loaded with fruit. Maintain soil temperature above 70°F for best germination and growth.

Pruning

Prune Capsicum chinense 'Carolina Reaper' by pinching early flower buds until plants reach 6-8 inches tall to encourage stronger root and stem development. Remove suckers that develop in leaf joints to focus energy on main stems and fruit production. Harvest peppers regularly when fully colored to encourage continued production throughout the growing season.

Maintenance Level

moderate

Container Growing

✓ Suitable for container growing

⚠️ Toxicity Warning

Capsicum chinense 'Carolina Reaper' contains extremely high levels of capsaicin that can cause severe burning sensations, respiratory distress, and skin irritation. The fruits are not toxic but can cause intense pain, digestive upset, and potential injury if consumed in large quantities or by sensitive individuals. Always handle with gloves and avoid touching eyes or sensitive skin areas. Keep away from children and pets.

Planting Guide

Planting Methods & Timing

Planting Method

transplant

Indoor Start

8 weeks before last frost

Direct Sow Timing

not recommended

Days to Maturity

90–120 days

Plant Spacing

18 inches

Companion Planting

Good Companions

tomatoes

basil

oregano

parsley

onions

Avoid Planting With

fennel

kohlrabi

beans